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TRIZ (; (ロシア語:теория решения изобретательских задач), ', literally: "theory of the resolution of invention-related tasks") is "a problem-solving, analysis and forecasting tool derived from the study of patterns of invention in the global patent literature". It was developed by the Soviet inventor and science-fiction author Genrich Altshuller (1926-1998) and his colleagues, beginning in 1946. In English the name is typically rendered as "the theory of inventive problem solving", and occasionally goes by the English acronym TIPS. Following Altshuller's insight, the theory developed on a foundation of extensive research covering hundreds of thousands of inventions across many different fields to produce a theory which defines generalisable patterns in the nature of inventive solutions and the distinguishing characteristics of the problems that these inventions have overcome. An important part of the theory has been devoted to revealing patterns of evolution and one of the objectives which has been pursued by leading practitioners of TRIZ has been the development of an algorithmic approach to the invention of new systems, and to the refinement of existing ones. TRIZ includes a practical methodology, tool sets, a knowledge base, and model-based technology for generating (innovative solutions ) for problem solving. It is intended for application in problem formulation, system analysis, failure analysis, and patterns of system evolution. The research has produced three primary findings: # problems and solutions are repeated across industries and sciences # patterns of technical evolution are also repeated across industries and sciences # the innovations used scientific effects outside the field in which they were developed TRIZ practitioners apply all these findings in order to create and to improve products, services, and systems.〔 http://www.triz-journal.com/whatistriz.htm 〕 == History == TRIZ in its classical form was developed by the Soviet inventor and science fiction writer Genrich Altshuller and his associates. He started developing TRIZ in 1946 while working in the "Inventions Inspection" department of the Caspian Sea flotilla of the Soviet Navy. His job was to help with the initiation of invention proposals, to rectify and document them and prepare applications to the patent office. During this time he realised that a problem requires an inventive solution if there is an unresolved contradiction in the sense that improving one parameter impacts negatively on another. He later called these "technical contradictions". His work on what later resulted in TRIZ was interrupted in 1950 by his arrest and sentencing to 25 years in the Vorkuta Gulag labor camps. The arrest was partially triggered by letters which he and Raphael Shapiro sent to Stalin, ministers and newspapers about certain decisions made by the Soviet Government, which they believed were erroneous.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.altshuller.ru/biography/ )〕 they also criticised the Soviet approach to invention and suggested ways to improve it: this was an embryonic form of TRIZ 〔(Innovation: An Introduction to TRIZ (Theory of Inventive Problem Solving)Author: John Terninko, Alla Zusman, Boris Zlotin - see pg 8 )〕 Altshuller and Shapiro were freed following Stalin's death in 1953〔 and returned to Baku. The first paper on TRIZ titled "On the psychology of inventive creation" was published in 1956 in "Issues in Psychology" (Voprosi Psichologii) journal. By 1969 Altshuller had reviewed about 40,000 patent abstracts in order to find out in what way the innovation had taken place and developed the concept of technical contradictions, the concept of ideality of a system, contradiction matrix, and 40 principles of invention. In the years that followed he developed the concepts of physical contradictions, SuField analysis (structural substance-field analysis), standard solutions, several laws of technical systems evolution, and numerous other theoretical and practical approaches. Altshuller also observed clever and creative people at work: he uncovered patterns in their thinking, and developed thinking tools and techniques to model this "talented thinking". These tools include Smart Little People 〔(to p 110 ) Alshuller, G.S. (1984) (Creativity as an Exact Science: the Theory of the Solution of Inventive Problems ) Translated by Williams, A. Gordon and Breach Science Publishers Inc]〕 and Thinking in Time and Scale (or the Screens of Talented Thought).〔(to p 121 ) Alshuller, G.S. (1984) Creativity as an Exact Science: the Theory of the Solution of Inventive Problems Translated by Williams, A. Gordon and Breach Science Publishers Inc]〕 In 1971 Altshuller convinced The Inventors Society to establish in Baku the first TRIZ teaching facility called the Azerbaijan Public Institute for Inventive Creation and the first TRIZ research lab called The Public Lab for Inventive Creation. Altshuller was appointed the head of the lab by the society. The lab incubated the TRIZ movement and in the years that followed other TRIZ teaching institutes were established in all major cities of the USSR. From 1986 Altshuller switched his attention away from technical TRIZ, and started investigating the development of individual creativity. He also developed a version of TRIZ for children, which was trialled in various schools() . In 1989 the TRIZ Association was formed, with Altshuller chosen as President. Following the end of the cold war, the waves of emigrants from the former Soviet Union brought TRIZ to other countries and drew attention to it overseas. In 1995 the Altshuller Institute for TRIZ Studies was established in Boston, USA. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「TRIZ」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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